Lurla Mulvey-Male Gaze
Film represents women as a passive object of male desires.
Audiences are forced to view of the women from the view of a heterosexual male , heterosexual women or homosexual male
Bell Hooks-Colour Codes
Lighter skinned women are more seen as beautiful and desirable women in the western ideology of beauty
Black women are objectified and sexualised in hip-hop and seen as sexually disposable
Com-modified blackness , meditated view on black culture that is considered the norm
Stuart Hall - Audience Reception Theory
Audiences often blur races and classes. Often assorting races with set class
Audience reception theory ; audiences read/understand a particular text according to their culture up bringing
Western (White dominated) cultures. continue to misinterpret ethnic minorities in media due to underlying racist tendencies.
Stuart Hall - Black Characterizations in Media
hall outlines three base images of the "grammar of race" employed in "old movies".
the first slave figure found in which ethier could take form of "dependable , loving devoted"Mammy" with rolling eyes or the faithful field hand attached and devoted to "his" master (Hall 1955:21)
Stuart Hall - the Narrative
The second of Halls based images the native. their primitive nature means they are barbaric , cheating , cunning and savage to appear any moment out of the darkness to attack the beautiful heroine or kidnap children.
Stuart Hall - The Clown/ Entertainer
The lasts of Halls variants is the clown or entertainer , implying a "innate" humor in the black man ether we laugh at the clown or with the clown ; overt racism is rare in the media rather.
Audience Reception Theory
Preferred reading or dominant reading is a list of intentions listed by the creator or author that may lead to dominant values through the text
Negotiated reading or subordinate it is a personal choice to accept the text or not while reading and may read through a filter of there own personal agenda the individual may argue that particular groups are misrepresented
Opposition reading or Radical reading audience members may reject the the dominant code and social values that are produced.
Aberrant reading is a different meaning that intended by the maker will be taken form the text. this could just be a individual member that they don't share.
